The Ethics Of Public Health - 863 Words

When it comes to the ethic of public health and medical health, they hold two totally different definitions. The ethics of public health is when the focus is more on the freedoms of privacy and actions, as long as they do not harm others.â€Å"In public health ethics, autonomy, the right of privacy, and freedom of action are recognized in so far as they do not result in harm to others† (Williams Torrens, 2008). When considering medical ethics the focus on the concerns of individuals and their liberties and freedom of choice. â€Å"In Medical ethics, the concern is with privacy individual liberty, freedom of choice, and self-control of the individual† (Williams Torrens, 2008). Two examples of codified ethical standard of public health is in an†¦show more content†¦The respective roles of differing ethical standards include autonomy, beneficence and justice. Autonomy from a medical aspect is more concerned with the privacy of the individual and their liberty. F rom a public standpoint it is the right of the privacy of the individual and their freedom. Beneficence from a medical stance is when the focus is more on doing no harm to others as well as doing good and promoting the welfare of individuals around you. From a public stance it is when that is the goal of the population. Justice in a medical view is when the focus is on assisting individuals who are at a disadvantage when it comes to their health or even healthcare. From a public point this would be the ensuring the opportunity to equal treatment, as well as equity in benefits of the total population. This differences can be resolved by ensuring that everyone does their part to ensure that they are not only doing what they can to lead healthy lives but the are also willing to ensure that they can help others around them to do the same. The healthcare system should not be over utilized therefor allowing people who actually need serious operations and services could possible be availa ble to them. I the population would take more charge in their lifestyles and the way they take care of themselves then there would not be as many healthcare issues n this country. I personally do not think these issues will beShow MoreRelatedEthics And Public Health Ethics851 Words   |  4 Pagesdistinguishable differences between medical ethics and public health ethics. Medical ethics pertain primarily to the individual that is involved in the care paradigm (Coleman, Bouà «sseau, Reis, Capron, 2007). Public health ethics, by contrast, are focused primarily on the health of the population as a whole. The American Public Health Association has published its own code of public health ethics that it felt most appropriately provided guiding principles to the public health sector (Thomas, Sage, DillenbergRead MoreThe Ethics Of Public Health Essay1123 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ â€Å"Public health practitioners by virtue of our role have special responsibilities for ethical conduc t and ethical practices that go beyond meeting minimum legal and regulatory standards.† – American Public Health Association adopted a code of ethics developed by the Public Health Leadership Society. †¢ APHA’s code of Ethics identifies: o Values and beliefs that are key assumptions underlying a public health perspective of health, community, and bases for action o Principles of the ethical practiceRead MoreEthics in Public Health Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesMorbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) estimated 1,106,400 individuals residing in the United States and the District of Columbia were living with HIV. Of those living with the disease nearly 1 in 5 (21%) did not know they have it. In addition health care workers, counselors have been challenged with multiple consequences of this disease, particularly denial about the condition and self-imposed isolation. When a person discovers they have the disease it is up to them to disclose their positiveRead MoreEthics Of Public Health, And Healthcare1857 Words   |  8 Pagesis that long term consumption of high fat, high sugar foods and drinks lead to many health problems, so making them more expensive and less accessible should decrease the health issues related to their consumption. The main ethical concerns that have been raised with the idea of implementing a fat tax are: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice that the tax would bring or take away from the public. While obesity is a significant issue, costing the US economy approximately $20 billionRead MoreEthics, Public Health, And Environmental Safety3018 Words   |  13 Pagesengineering and the adoption of transgenic crops, a new set of questions regarding ethics, public health, and environmental safety has grown from a theoretical concern to one that must be considered as genetic engineering plays an increasingly large role in our everyday lives. As genetically modified (GM) food has entered the marketplace, these ethical questions have fallen not just to scientists but to the public at large, and the issue has grown into a massive, polarized debate with no signs ofRead MorePublic Health Ethics : Legal Analysis1758 Words   |  8 PagesBrian Dominguez GPH – 704 Public Health Ethics – Legal Analysis (Patient w/Tuberculosis) Introduction: In the fall of 2005, a homeless man from another state arrived in Maine who has been incompletely treated for tuberculosis (TB). He had several incarcerations within the next year and exposed the disease to other inmates. In addition, he exposed the disease to people at the homeless shelter; more than 100 persons were exposed between the shelter and county jail and transmission to 6 homelessRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics And The Law Of The Public Health, Safety, And Welfare981 Words   |  4 Pagesfield. In each one of these fields, there is a certain code of ethics that must be lived and maintained, by the engineer themselves. There are lists of the different ethics models, but to list a few: there is Rule-Based Utilitarianism, Duty Ethics, Rights Ethics, Virtue Ethics, and the NCEES ethical code. All of these individual codes clearly states, and sets guidelines for the engineers to follow and live by. These ethics set the standard and obligations that engineers and their partnersRead More Codes of Ethics in Health Care Essay995 Words   |  4 Pagesprovide a procedure if a code violation occurs. Medical ethics began as a professional code for physicians and has now expanded and includes a variety of health care professions and health care organizations. The growth of medical knowledge and technology have grown so have the concerns that ethical standards and issues facing our society today may be compromised or not appropriately addressed (Littleton et al., 2010). Identify Codes of Ethics Applicable in My Professional Practice I am a memberRead MoreANA Code of Ethics1214 Words   |  5 PagesANA Code of Ethics Introduction In the field of nursing, the ANA Code of Ethics is designed to provide specific bylaws that will influence the practices of health care professionals inside the industry. However, there are different advocacy campaigns that will have an impact on how it is interpreted and applied. In the case of advocacy for population health, these issues mean that there could be moral dilemmas faced in the process (most notably: lifestyle choices and their impact on the individual)Read MoreThe Health Of A Public Health Worker980 Words   |  4 Pagesable to have access to health care. I have seen many children who had physical disabilities that could have been prevented. In some cities in my homeland, people used and still walk for days to get basic medical treatments because there is no clinics or hospitals in their town or the surrounding cities. Many people used to die to diseases that could have been prevented with single vaccine. Therefore, since I was young child I always wanted to help peop le to have access to health care especially young

Understanding the Ninth Amendments Effect and History

The Ninth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution attempts to ensure that certain rights — while not specifically listed as being granted to the American people in the other sections of the Bill of Rights — should not be violated. The complete text of the Ninth Amendment states: â€Å"The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.† Over the years, the federal courts have interpreted the Ninth Amendment as confirming the existence of such implied or â€Å"unenumerated† rights outside those expressly protected by the Bill of Rights. Today, the Amendment is often cited in legal attempts to prevent the federal government from expanding the powers of Congress specifically granted to it under Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. The Ninth Amendment, included as part of the original 12 provisions of the Bill of Rights, was submitted to the states on September 5, 1789, and was ratified on December 15, 1791. Why This Amendment Exists When the then proposed U.S. Constitution was submitted to the states in 1787, it was still strongly opposed by the Anti-Federalist Party, Led by Patrick Henry. One of their main objection to the Constitution as submitted was its omission of a list of rights specifically granted to the people — a â€Å"bill of rights.† However, the Federalist Party, led by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, contended that it would be impossible for such a bill of rights to list all conceivable rights, and that a partial list would be dangerous because some might claim that because a given right was not specifically listed as protected, the government had the power to limit or even deny it. In an attempt to resolve the debate, the Virginia Ratifying Convention proposed a compromise in the form of a constitutional amendment stating that any future amendments limiting the powers of Congress should not be taken as justification for expanding those powers. This proposal led to the creation of the Ninth Amendment. Practical Effect Of all the amendments in the Bill of Rights, none is stranger or harder to interpret than the Ninth. At the time it was proposed, there was no mechanism by which the Bill of Rights could be enforced. The Supreme Court had not yet established the power to strike down unconstitutional legislation, and it was not widely expected to. The Bill of Rights was, in other words, unenforceable. So what would an enforceable Ninth Amendment look like? Strict Constructionism and the Ninth Amendment There are multiple schools of thought on this issue. Supreme Court justices who belong to the strict constructionist school of interpretation essentially say that the Ninth Amendment is too vague to have any binding authority. They push it aside as a historical curiosity, in much the same way that more modernist justices sometimes push the Second Amendment aside. Implicit Rights At the  Supreme Court level,  most justices do believe that the Ninth Amendment has binding authority, and they use it to protect implicit rights hinted at but not explicated elsewhere in the Constitution. Implicit rights include both the right to privacy outlined in  the landmark 1965 Supreme Court case of  Griswold v. Connecticut, but also basic unspecified rights such as the right to travel and the right to the presumption of innocence until proven guilty.   Writing in the Court’s majority opinion Justice William O. Douglas stated that â€Å"specific guarantees in the Bill of Rights have penumbras, formed by emanations from those guarantees that help give them life and substance.† In a lengthy concurrence, Justice Arthur Goldberg added, â€Å"The language and history of the Ninth Amendment reveal that the Framers of the Constitution believed that there are additional fundamental rights, protected from governmental infringement, which exist alongside those fundamental rights specifically mentioned in the first eight constitutional amendments.† Updated by Robert Longley

School Start Time And Its Impact On Adolescents - 959 Words

Later School Start Time and its Impact on Adolescents It is no secret that, similar to other animals, sleep is one of the most important things for a human being’s overall health. According to Watson and Breedlove, there are four main biological/neurological functions of sleep: energy conservation—the body uses less energy when it is asleep through what is called slow-wave sleep (SWS) by doing things such as reducing body temperature and slowing respiration; niche adaptation—the environmental happenings to which organisms are adapted to; body restoration—it restores materials used during awake hours; and memory consolidation—SWS and REM sleep help the brain consolidate memories from the previous day (2012). Sleep and Adolescents Based on the importance of sleep and on the vast amount of information available on the subject, it is surprising that many schools all over the United States still have an extremely early start time. Throughout adolescence, sleep is considered to be even more important as the amount of sleep needed does not drop significantly from childhood, however, the changes related to puberty show a delayed evening onset of melatonin causing a change in the circadian rhythm—a person’s â€Å"biological† clock—preference to evenings (Owens, Belon Moss, 2010). Because of this change, adolescents tend to present difficulties falling asleep prior 11pm and waking up prior to 8am could be causing issues from mood and attention problems, to even something less discussedShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Adolescents And The Relationship That School Start Times997 Words   |  4 PagesFairfax County School Start Time: Analysis of the Policy To this point, the emphasis of the paper has been the social issue of sleep deprivation in adolescents and the relationship that school start times have with the issue. The focus now shifts to the evaluation on school start times and the associated policies in Fairfax County schools. Demographics of Fairfax County and its Schools Fairfax County is one of the largest counties in Northern Virginia with a population of 1,111,620 in 2013 (FairfaxRead MoreWhy School Should Start Later1531 Words   |  7 Pagesthen I fall asleep and the next time I wake up I realized I missed the bus! Does this happen to you? Because of early school starts I have to wake up super early which makes me super tired. School starts way too early! Should students have to wake up at unreasonably early times just to get to school on time? No, they shouldn t and school should start later because it causes many risks and problems in students lives. There are many reasons that school should start later, but the main reason is becauseRead MoreSocial Media Activity And Texting Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagesweekday morning, over 15 million adolescents will wake up to attend school in the United States, at an average starting time of 8:00 a.m, which is often considerably earlier than their starting time during primary education (Wheaton 2012) . Although social media activity and texting are often blamed for causing sleeplessness in adolescents, these distractions are actually not to blame for students inability to get an appropriate amount of sleep or bad grades in school. In fact, the cause of studentsRead MoreSchool Start Times And High Quality Sleep999 Words   |  4 Pagesacross the country is school start times. Deciding the start times for schools is dependent on many factors including bus schedules (Edwards, 2012), biological development (Borlase, Gander, Gibson, 2013; Perkinson-Gloor, Lemola, Grob, 2013), and parental preference (Edwards, 2012; Perkinson-Gloor et al., 2013). School start times are considered one aspect that can affect sleep duration, since they affect wake time. Adequate, high quality sleep is extremely important for adolescents and inadequate sleepRead MoreSchool Start Time and Sleep1189 Words   |  5 Pagesget that much sleep. With schools starting as early as 7:00 a.m (School Start Time and Sleep), most teenagers are only getting 7 hours of sleep (Sleep in Adolescents (13-18 Years)). In fact, a recent poll conducted by the National Sleep Foundation found that 60% of children under the age of 18 complained of being tired during the day, according to their parents, and 15% said they fell asleep at school during the year (School Start Time and Sleep). When entering school, many teenagers look likeRead MoreThe Body Of Knowledge Regarding Adolescent Sleep Deprivation861 Words   |  4 Pagesthousands of adolescents in the United States face issues of reduced performance, physiological effects, psychological problems, and safety issues every school day as a result of sleep deprivation. The body of knowledge regarding adolescent sleep deprivation is growing and the surprising results are beginning to result in new thinking and policies regarding school start times. Fairfax County in Northern Virginia and its policies regarding school start times is the focus of this paper. Adolescent SleepRead MoreGrade Z For Adolescents And Adolescents Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesGrade Z for Adolescents It is usually the teenage years that introduce the idea of juggling and managing time. Given that there is only 24 hours in a day, we are only really introduced to the idea of cramming as many activities and task in a day when our age turns to double-digits. At a certain age, students are suddenly hit with the long list of things they want or should do all at once. This consists of school, family time, social life, extra circular activities, a job, homework, and much moreRead MoreNegative and Positive Effects of Peer Relationships1564 Words   |  7 Pageschildhood and adolescence development such as separation from both parents if they are divorced, delayed puberty because of malnutrition, adaptation to new environment and peer pressure . Positive impacts of peers and peer groups could be moral development, close friendships, and stability. Negative impacts of peers and peer groups could range from rejection, to bullying, and to no sense of belonging. During the Middle Childhood stage, children tend to look for a sense of belonging. As changes occurRead MoreRunning Head:Sleep Deprivation1329 Words   |  6 Pages ​ 1 Sleep Deprivation Adolescent Development St. Joeseph’s College Professor McCambley 05/08/2017 Stephanie Lino  Sleep Deprivation ​Sleep deprivation can effect development in a multitude of ways; it could be mental, emotional, or even physical. In some ways sleep deprivation is a very dangerous issue that can cause adolescents to have decreased cognitive functions and an increase in negative thoughts and feelingsRead MoreMedia Effects On Children And Adolescents1521 Words   |  7 Pagesalso share our personal information on the media. Media gives us a lot of convenient in our life, but there are also some negative impacts. Media has a lot of negative impacts which it could be affected on children and adolescents. The article â€Å"Media and Risky Behaviors† by Escobar-Chaves is discussed about the media effects that cause the risky behavior of the adolescents. In the article there are five types of teenager health risk behaviors identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Airline Industry A Financial Crisis Essay - 1686 Words

After 9/11 many airline companies will be facing a financial crisis that will shape America banks, stock pricing and insurance company’s community. Airline industry after 9/11, will make many changes to foreign policy and national policy, â€Å"the hardest hit business was the airline industry, which suffered major economic damage† (to, H. and Lee, D. (2005). I choose this topic because many Americans really don’t know how 9/11 crippled airline industry. The terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 was a turning point in American history, which killed over 2,000 people and which put fear in many businesses and people, â€Å"the terrorist attacks created a great deal of uncertainly for the industry† (Frey, B.S., Luechinger, S. and Stutzer, A. (2007)). 9/11 will show how a nation that pays no attention to the safely regulation of airline industry into something that will haunt America decade after the attack. This research paper will benefit to many busines s entrepreneurs to serve as a reference tool in the areas of business management, and macroeconomics. This topic can best serve as a good tool for other researcher’s on the subject of banking and finance. This paper will analyze the importance and will point out how 9/11 impact America airline industry. Definition of foreign markets and domestic market In this research paper, there are two concepts: foreign market and domestic market. As look deeper into the foreign market and domestic market we can see that 9/11 took a toll onShow MoreRelatedThe Demand Of The Airline Industry1436 Words   |  6 Pages The fuel crisis is no stranger to the business world, especially to the airline industry. Many airlines were forced to adopt new approaches to this high cost issue in order to stay afloat. The realistic concern of the effect to the consumer has not only impacted the cost to travel, but the profits for the airline industry. The 2008 US economic recession has greatly impacted how often people are traveling. Most consumers’ disposable income is very little and they categorize travel, especiallyRead MoreThe Impact Of Domestic Aviation Industry On The Domestic Airline Industry1508 Words   |  7 Pagessectors is the aviation industry, which falls under the transportation and logistics sector and is a major source of growth for the U.S economy in terms of revenue, capacity building and human development. This highlights the importance of the domestic aviation industry, and any factors that affect this industry are bound to have effects on the entire economy. The study aims to understand how changes in fuel prices, especially increases, have an impact on the domestic airline industry. The impact of theRead MoreCurrent Situation of Airline Industry1122 Words   |  5 PagesCurrent Situation of Airline Industry Since the airline industry was deregulated in the late 1970s, they shall hold the line on the number of planes they fly. The result is that the people by plane shall be more and more, and the fares shall become expensive. Because air transport is faster than other transportation methods, the people increasingly prefer to fly. The air transportation shall be an important transportation method in the future, and the people engaged in air transportation shall haveRead MoreThe Current Global Economic Crisis Would Change the Face of the Aviation Industry as We Know It Today- Is There Truth in the Statement?1029 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION TO CIVIL AVIATION Lucas Lee Executive Summary The current global economic crisis has changed the way aviation industry goes about its business. It has brought about a boom in low-cost carriers, which has made travelling by air cheaper for the masses. Services offered by airlines and airports are also of higher standards to make people want to travel by air. The economic downturn has seen a significant drop of investments in the aviation market. Airport ground handlers andRead MoreA Decline in Revenue at Quantas1272 Words   |  6 Pagesthink that this airplane industry is having a decline in revenue problem. So I interested to analyze this airplane company. But before I analyze this company, I want to explain a little bit about this airplane industry. A Qantas airway is an airplane industry from Queensland, Australia, and the head office of this airlines industry located in Sydney, Australia. This industry was found by 3 people named Paul McGuiness, Hudson Fysh, and the last one is Arthus Baird. This industry was founded on the 16thRead MoreEvaluation Of Sia s Strategic Management And The Challenges Faced By Sia1497 Words   |  6 Pagescountries carriers which have given an exceptional international reputation to the airlines and via code-sharing with the members of Star Alliance partnership it has extended its network globally. This allowed SIA to sell the tickets on one another’s flights and extend the service to additional destinations (Reference for business, 2012). b) Economic factors: In 2008, SIA faced huge losses due to the global financial crisis and the increase in oil price. The annual inflation rate increased from 0.6%Read MoreQantas Swot Essay615 Words   |  3 PagesDiversified Business : Qantas range of subsidiary business operates in different sector but all of them supporting airlines industry’s activity, such as catering, baggage handling and engineer. This also helped them to control supplier and aircraft maintenance cost. †¢ Oneworld Alliance Oneworld Alliance is a management company founded by Qantas, American Airlines, British Airways, Canadian Airlines and Cathay Pacific. Purpose of this centralized management company is to helping each other with non†coreRead MoreHow Spirit Airlines With American Airlines Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesWHY I CHOSE THIS COMPANY Founded in 1964, Spirit Airlines actually began operations in the trucking industry under the name â€Å"Clippert Trucking Company,† based in Michigan. In subsequent years the firm encountered many changes in name, headquarters, as well as shifted into different industries entirely. In 1983, the company branched out into the charter tour operating sector, as â€Å"Charter One.† Particularly, they provided tours to entertainment destinations such as Las Vegas, Atlantic City, and theRead MoreThe Cause of Financial Distress in Airlines Industry Introduction According to International Air1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cause of Financial Distress in Airlines Industry Introduction According to International Air Transport Association (IATA), global airline industry has a history of 100 years (2014). Today, there were more than 3 billion passengers and 50 million tonnes of cargo reach their destination through the wonder of flight every year, supporting over 57 million jobs and $2.2 trillion in economic activity (IATA, 2014). The airline industry plays a crucial role in economic because it helps in opening upRead MoreA Financial Analysis Of Spirit Airlines Essay981 Words   |  4 PagesA FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF SPIRIT AIRLINES WHY I CHOSE THIS COMPANY Founded in 1964, Spirit Airlines actually began operations in the trucking industry under the name â€Å"Clippert Trucking Company,† based in Michigan. In subsequent years the firm encountered many changes in name, headquarters, as well as shifted into different industries entirely. In 1983, the company branched out into the charter tour operating sector, as â€Å"Charter One.† Particularly, they provided tours to entertainment destinations

Security Architecture and Plan for the Federation University Australia

Question: Discuss the security architecture and plan for the Federation University Australia. Answer: Introduction Federation University, Australia is one of the prime universities of the country with an approximate count of over 23,000 international and domestic students along with the staff members. The University has its base in Ballarat with several other campuses in Australia. There are a number of departments in FedUni as marketing, business, human resources, training and education, finance, health, housing, quality assurance, IT security, IT help desk and research and development. Every single department deals with sensitive and confidential pieces of information and protection of the same is of prime importance. Security Controls CIA Triad It is necessary to protect the three components of this triad to have an effective security mechanism in place. CIA Triad Confidentiality Confidential information is something that requires a high degree of protection and any damage to the same may result in adverse impacts. For instance, the informationr elates to exam papers and student results is confidential in nature for the university and must be kept private with security. Integrity It refers to the authroized modification of the information at all the sources. Any unwanted or unauthorized modification to information may lead to a huge damage to the information. Such as, if the exam paper is changed at one campus by unauthorized means and not at other locations, it would lead to violation of information integrity. Availability It must be possible for the users to access the university information at all places and at all times. It also means to keep all the components in the infrastructure such as hardware, software and the network up and running at all times so that the services are not hampered in any which way [1]. Types of Controls Types of Security Controls Technical Controls Access Control Lists (ACLs) There are different user accounts that are associated with the univeristy such that for full-time students, part-time scholars, distant learners and staff. Accesses and privileges that are provided to each of the user type is different in nature and the same must be managed well such that there are no unauthroized accesses granted to any user. Strong access methods such as combination of user id and password along with an alert to the mobile phones must be set up as credentials to enter the system [2]. Encryption All the univeristy owned devices such as computers and mobile devices should be fully encrypted to avoid the possibility of any attack. Encryption Process Identification and Authentication There must be a limit set up on the number of attempts that are allowed to enter a system. Authentication servers must be efficient enough to detect and prevent the attacks. Audit Trails These must be set up to record all of the activities to provide aid in the inrusion detection system [3]. Physical Controls Security Guards These must be put up at all the entry and exit points of the univeristy at all the campuses located country wide. Identity checks and cards While entering or exiting the campus or a secure area such as a laboratory or library, every member should be allowed to enter and exit only at a swip in/out of a unique identity card issued by the university at the time of admission. Motion Alarms If any intruder tries to enter the campus or a protected area in the campus through unauthorized means, these alarms must get activated by detecting the motion. Closed-circuit Surveillance Cameras These camers must be put up at different locations in all the campuses to keep a track of all the activities that happen [4]. Administrative Controls Training and Awareness The users must be kept up to date with all the security policies and mechanism that have been implemented. Disaster recovery plans There might be incidences of attacks in spite of the tightest of the security and the management should put forward a mechnism in place to recover the losses in a quick turnaround time. Incident Response plan Same is with the response that must be provided in case of an incident. There must be a plan in place to deal with the same. Personnel Recruitments Strategies These strategies must be kept in place to have the proper recruitment procedure in place for all the campuses [5]. Reasons for using the controls Protection through Security Controls These security control are necessary for the organization in order to: Protect the confidentiality of the information and provide the high degree of protection to maintain the same and prevent the attacks that may hamper the confidentialty of the system. Maintainenace of integrity of the information as the technical, physical and administrative controls would make sure that there are no unwanted modifications done on the system or any component of the same. Keep the information available at all the times by protecting it from the various sources of attacks and intrusion. Keep the system free from malicious code and software such as worms, trojan horses, bombs and viruses. Prevent the network attacks such as man-in-the-middle attacks, denial of service and distributed denial of service. Keep a track of any malicious insiders present in the system and also to minimise the inadequate due diliegence with the help of administrative controls. Risk Mitigation There are a number of risks that may occur for the university which are as described below: Financial Risks It alludes to conceivable changes to the financial estimation of riches on account of varieties in real money adjusts (that is, liquidity) or in assets. Operational Risks These are maybe the most vital and far reaching wellspring of non-money related danger and as needs be is the main type of non-monetary danger against which banks are unequivocally required to hold capital. It grasps the dangers emerging from the disappointment of frameworks, controls or individuals [6]. Security Risks There can be risks associated with the security and provacy of the information such as attack of malicious progrmas, denial of service attack, data breach, data loss and man in the middle attack. Natural Hazards These are the risks that may arise out of natural calamities and hazards and may cause damage to the property and in severe cases to the human resources as well [7]. There are some of the risks such as failure of delivery by the supplier, curriculum risks such as those arise in the ciriculum activities and workplace violence which may result in serious damages. These can be tackled with the help of effective incident response and disaster recovery mechanisms installed in the campuses. Incident Response Planning There might be incidents of severe damages that may take place in the university. For instance, there might be an event wherein there is a violence between the students over a matter. In such a scenario, the incident must be reported to the staff and the higher authorities. Also, there could be failute of network in a particular campus. In such a case, the matter must be reported to the network team and administrator to resolve the same in quick time [8]. Disaster Recovery Planning The functioning of the university is largely dependent upon the virtual networks and information technology. There may be events of attacks such as those of viruses and worms which may wipe out the entire database. A timely backup should be taken as per the disaster recovery technique to restore the database to its orginial form in a rapid turnaround time [9]. Business Continuity Planning This is an area that concerns the continuity of the business and its operations and performs an impact analysis to get an insight to the same. Gap analysis is one of the prime function of this planning which points out the gaps between the recovery and requirements capabilites [10]. HIDS and NIDS Host Based Intrision Detection Systems popularly known as HIDS alludes to interruption discovery that happens on a solitary host framework. As of now, HIDS includes introducing an operator on the nearby host that screens and reports on the framework design and application action. Some basic capacities of HIDS frameworks incorporate log examination, occasion relationship, uprightness checking, approach implementation, rootkit recognition, and alerting1. They regularly likewise can gauge a host framework to identify varieties in framework setup. In particular seller executions these HIDS specialists additionally permit availability to other security frameworks [11]. Host Based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS) Network based Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) on the other hand, looks for a suspicious activity or movement on the system. It is possible to set up a NIDS on the entire server to detect any of the unwanted activity or to set this up for specific parts of the server which are more probable and open to such attacks. It is also possible to filter the framework records with this system and to have the information handy in a separate section to look at the same later on. Any changes are quickly judged with the help of an efficient NIDS set up and the records log is also seen to match up any activity to detect the possibility of intrusion. The approach that is followed by this specific type of intrusion detection is pro-active in nature rather preventive or defensive. These are capable of detecting the real time detection as well. Network Based Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) There are a number of striking differences between the two intrusion detection systems as: Point of Difference HIDS NIDS Protection off the LAN Provides protection Does not provide protection Versatility More versatile Less versatile Price More affordable Price range is usually high Training Less training is required More training is required Bandwidth Requirements Does not use LAN bandwidth Uses LAN bandwidth Network Overhead Less High usually double Spanning port switching requirements Not required Required Cross platform compatibility Less compatible More compatible Local machine registry scans Allows Does not allow PAN scan Allows Does not allow Packet rejection Does not allow Allows Central management Less centrally managed More centrally managed Disable risk factor Lower Higher Single point of failure Multiple LAN detection nodes More comprehensive Less comprehensive Differences between HIDS and NIDS In the event that taking a gander at HIDS or NIDS guarantee that one must discover a seller that has great specialized reinforcement and that has the example documents gushing out when there are new vulnerabilities discharged into the wild much like an antivirus application. On the off chance that there is LAN transmission capacity limitations it is exceptionally doable to take a gander at a HIDS. On the off chance that cost is an issue some NIDS arrangements are significantly more costly when contrasted with a HIDS arrangement as there is a capital expense on the equipment and a few merchants charge extensively more for the product [12]. Signature Based Detection This is the detection system that is more along the lines of interruption identification than firewalls. Be that as it may, numerous individual firewalls and some corporate firewalls contain this usefulness. Basically, the framework can be designed to search for particular examples, known not pernicious, and hinder the movement. All together for this strategy to be successful, the signatures must be redesigned consistently. Generally as new infection dangers are discharged frequently, making the requirement for signature redesigns, new dangers against the hosts are found consistently. Upgrading signatures requires an instrument pretty much as signature overhauls for antivirus programming requires a component. The significant point of interest to this technique lies in the way that it can piece assaults notwithstanding when the principle set would permit the activity. In the case of giving administrations, for example, a Web webpage, then one must permit activity for that administrati on into the PC. As opposed to being helpless before each bundle bound to port 80, with an item that can identify particular assaults, it is realized that one is shielded from known noxious activities [13]. Anomaly Based Detection This one is situated in light of characterizing the system conduct. The system conduct is as per the predefined conduct, then it is acknowledged or else it triggers the occasion in the anomaly location. The acknowledged system conduct is arranged or learned by the particulars of the system heads. The critical stage in characterizing the system conduct is the IDS cycle capacity to slice through the different conventions at all levels. The Cycle must have the capacity to prepare the conventions and comprehend its objective. In spite of the fact that this convention examination is computationally costly, the advantages it produces like expanding the guideline set aides in less false positive cautions. The real disadvantage of anomaly recognition is characterizing its principle set. The productivity of the framework relies on upon how well it is executed and tried on all conventions. Principle characterizing procedure is additionally influenced by different conventions utilized by differ ent sellers. Aside from these, custom conventions additionally make standard characterizing a troublesome employment. For identification to happen accurately, the itemized information about the acknowledged system conduct should be produced by the managers. Be that as it may, once the standards are characterized and convention is fabricated then anomaly location frameworks functions admirably. In the event that the pernicious conduct of the client falls under the acknowledged conduct, then it goes unnoticed. A movement, for example, catalog traversal on a focused on powerless server, which follows system convention, effortlessly goes unnoticed as it doesn't trigger any out-of-convention, payload or data transfer capacity impediment banners. The significant favorable position of anomaly based location over signature-based cycles is that a novel assault for which a signature does not exist can be recognized in the event that it drops out of the typical movement designs. This is watche d when the frameworks distinguish new robotized worms. On the off chance that the new framework is contaminated with a worm, it as a rule begins filtering for other defenseless frameworks at a quickened rate filling the system with noxious movement, along these lines bringing about the occasion of a TCP association or transmission capacity variation from the norm principle [14]. References [1]C. Bradford and C. Bradford, "Why the CIA Triad Is the New Standard For Information Security - StorageCraft Technology Corporation", StorageCraft Technology Corporation, 2015. [2] Lancaster, 2016. [3] Moct.gov.sy, 2016. [4]"Security Controls", Access.redhat.com, 2016. [5]"Security Controls for Computer Systems: Report of Defense ScienceBoard Task Force on Computer Security - RAND Report R-609-1 | RAND", Rand.org, 2016. [6]"Understanding and managing risk", OpenLearn, 2016. [8] Sans.org, Sans.org, 2016. [Online]. [Accessed: 02- Jun- 2016]. [9]"How to write a disaster recovery plan and define disaster recovery strategies", ComputerWeekly, 2016. [Accessed: 02- Jun- 2016]. [10]"Business Continuity Plan | Ready.gov", Ready.gov, 2016. [Online]. [Accessed: 02- Jun- 2016]. [11]"SANS - Information Security Resources", Sans.org, 2016. [Online]. [Accessed: 02- Jun- 2016]. [12]R. Magalhaes, "Host-Based IDS vs Network-Based IDS (Part 1)", WindowSecurity.com, 2003. [Online]. [Accessed: 02- Jun- 2016]. [13]L. Yeo, "Signature-Based Detection | Choosing a Personal Firewall | InformIT", Informit.com, 2016. [Online]. [Accessed: 02- Jun- 2016].

Terrorism and Religion for Tufyal Choudhury and Helen Fenwick

Question: Discuss about theTerrorism and Religion for Tufyal Choudhury and Helen Fenwick. Answer: Terrorism is one of the major threats which the world is facing at the moment and the mitigation of this is very important for the maintaining the harmony as well as the status quo of the world (Jongman 2017)[1]. It is significant to note that in the present times there are various reasons for the rise in the number of the terrorists activities which the world is facing at the moment like the economic condition of the various third world countries of the world, the injustices which the various communities or segments feel have been committed against them and various others (Nacos 2016)[2]. Therefore, religious terrorism is on the rise and many people are becoming victims to this particular evil. It is often seen that many culprits use the name of religion to justify their terrorist and other anti-social activities which cause a significant amount of damage to the other innocent people of the society (Spalek 2012)[3]. This paper seeks to compare and contrast two article related to the genre of terrorist activities, namely, The impact of counter-terrorism measures on Muslim communities by Tufyal Choudhury and Helen Fenwick and the article What's so religious about religious terrorism? by Jeroen Gunning and Richard Jackson in the context of the views articulated by them in their articles. The article The impact of counter-terrorism measures on Muslim communities written by the authors Tufyal Choudhury and Helen Fenwick and published in the International Review of Law, Computers Technology in the year 2011 seeks to give an overview of the terrorism and also the concept of counter-terrorism and the role of the religion in the process (Choudhury and Fenwick 2011)[4]. The article puts special emphasis on the role of the Muslim religion in the process of terrorism and how this particular religion is used by the various people to justify their anti-social activities which lead to a destruction of many valuable lives and property on a yearly basis (Choudhury and Fenwick 2011)[5]. The authors also seek to analyze the various legislations and policies which have been developed to counter the increasing number of terrorist activities in the various Muslim nations (Choudhury and Fenwick 2011)[6]. The article What's so religious about religious terrorism? by the authors Jeroen G unning and Richard Jackson published in the Critical Studies on Terrorism in the year 2011 also seeks to provide an overview of the concept of terrorism and it seeks to validate the concept of religious terrorism which is being committed in the various nations of the world in the name of the religion (Gunning and Jackson 2011)[7]. Furthermore, the article argues that the distinctions typically drawn between religious and secular terrorism are problematic (Gunning and Jackson 2011)[8]. Moreover, the article also seeks to provide an overview of the concept of the political religion and tries to relate it to the current definitions of terrorism (Gunning and Jackson 2011)[9]. It is to be noted that whereas the first article by the authors Tufyal Choudhury and Helen Fenwick seeks to repudiate the concept of terrorism and criticizes the role of religion in the process of terrorism (Choudhury and Fenwick 2011)[10] whereas the second article by the authors Jeroen Gunning and Richard Jackson, on the other hand, seeks the validate the concept of religious terrorism and also the concept of political religion which the major terrorist organizations of the world as well as the individuals use to justify their acts of criminality and terrorism (Gunning and Jackson 2011)[11]. Furthermore, it is to be noted that whereas the article by Tufyal Choudhury and Helen Fenwick focuses on the various legislations passed by the diverse nations of the world like the United Kingdom and others to curb the rising terrorist activities in the various Muslim nations of the world (Choudhury and Fenwick 2011)[12]. The article by the authors Jeroen Gunning and Richard Jackson, on the ot her hand, focuses on the role of beliefs and institutional structures, religious or otherwise, in producing political violence (Gunning and Jackson 2011)[13]. Furthermore, both the articles articulate the concept that just the development of policies as well as legislations is not enough. The various first world nations of the world also need to find out and analyze the major reasons behind the growing number of terrorist activities and address them in the most effective manner in a bid to resolve the evil of terrorism which the majority of the nations of the world are facing at the moment (Richardson 2013)[14]. In addition to these the various nations of the world also needs to develop other relevant strategies for the mitigation of this particular risk faced by the world presently (Spalek 2012)[15]. The primary strength of the article The impact of counter-terrorism measures on Muslim communities can be said to be the penetrating insight which it provides into the concept of terrorism and the role which religion plays in the process of terrorism. Another significant strength of the article can be said to be the fact that it also tries to show how religion is used by the various people to justify their terrorist activities (Choudhury and Fenwick 2011)[16]. On the other hand, the strength of the article What's so religious about religious terrorism? can be said to be the fact that it seek it provide an insight into the process of religious terrorism and also seeks to validate the use of the concept of religion in the process of terrorism (Gunning and Jackson 2011)[17]. The weakness of the article The impact of counter-terrorism measures on Muslim communities can be said to be fact that the article fails to take into consideration the role played by the other factors in the process of terrorism. The sole focus of the article is on the role which religion plays in the terrorism and not on the major factors. The weakness of the article What's so religious about religious terrorism? can be said to be the fact that the article puts too much emphasis on the concept of political religion and seeks to validate the concept of religious terrorism which is completely unethical. To conclude, it becomes evident that the problem of terrorism is one of the major issues which the world is facing at the present moment. It is significant to note that the various individuals use the concept of religion and other factors to justify their acts of criminality and brutal behavior which should not be the case. Therefore, the world needs to address this particular evil as it causes a significant amount of damage to property as the loss of lives on an annual basis. It is a reflection of this that the various nations of the world have developed certain legislations and policies related to the control of terrorism in the various nations of the world. However, just the mere development of policies is not enough the various first world nations of the world also need to address the major issues which give rise to the various terrorist activities. References Combs, C.C., 2017.Terrorism in the twenty-first century. Routledge. Jeroen Gunning and Richard Jackson 2011. What's so religious about religious terrorism?, Critical Studies on Terrorism, 4:3, 369-388, DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2011.623405 Jongman, A.J., 2017.Political terrorism: A new guide to actors, authors, concepts, data bases, theories, and literature. Routledge. Martin, G., 2017.Understanding terrorism: Challenges, perspectives, and issues. SAGE publications. Nacos, B., 2016.Mass-mediated Terrorism: mainstream and digital media in terrorism and counterterrorism. Rowman Littlefield. Richardson, L., 2013.The roots of terrorism. Routledge. Spalek, B. ed., 2012.Counter-terrorism: Community-based approaches to preventing terror crime. Palgrave Macmillan. Tufyal Choudhury and Helen Fenwick 2011. The impact of counter-terrorism measures on Muslim communities, International Review of Law, Computers Technology, 25:3, 151-181, DOI: 10.1080/13600869.2011.617491